The effectiveness of situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact of crime on society Essay Example

The effectiveness of situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact of crime on society Essay The government are using situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact of crime on society. I am going to examine the effectiveness of SCP. Situational Crime Prevention departs from mainstream criminology in that it focuses on the importance of the opportunity for crime to occur, the settings for crime, rather than upon those committing the crimes, preventing the occurrence of crime, rather than on detecting and punishing offenders. According to Item A, situational crime prevention involves in the immediate situation in which crime takes place to reduce its likelihood or seriousness. This involves coming up with theories that could be put into practice to reduce the attractiveness of a particular crime, for example using more CCTV and security guards in shops, have anti climbing paint on walls, have a neighbourhood watch areas etc. One of the main crime in society today is shop lifting, situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact on society today use blue inked tagged on clothes stores, this tags are put on clothes and when some one is trying to come out the shop without paying normally it will make a noise that way the shop assistants will know that the person hasnt paid, or if the do try to come out of the shop there is a tag that is difficult to take off, even the person does manage to take of the tag it will leave a blue stain on the piece of clothing. We will write a custom essay sample on The effectiveness of situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact of crime on society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The effectiveness of situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact of crime on society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The effectiveness of situational crime prevention as a means of reducing the impact of crime on society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This has helped this type of crime reduce however there are still shops lifting going on and there are devises that people can have in order to take of the tag without any problems. Most shops now have guards standing at the door to check for any mysterious behaviour in people, which they have the right to stop any one if they think they could have shop lifted. Burglary in ones house is another form of crime and it is still common now, even celebrities get burgled, situational crime prevention have thought of having neighbour watch areas, where people in the neighbour hood sign up to watch over their area to make sure that there is nothing suspicious is going on, and anything does go on gets reported, having the sign neighbour watch area has reduced burglary as well as other crimes such as littering and fights on the street however this still goes on. As many neighbours fail to report such crime due to the fact that they are afraid or never look out for any suspicions because they are not aware of the environment as they have other issues to worry about. Also most burglars rob houses in the middle of the night when the neighbours are a sleep. We know by law prostitution is illegal and is classed as a criminal if convicted. Making it illegal is one way of preventing such crime however people are still doing this in most parts of the country. Situational crime prevention have also allocated red areas so at times polices will patrol in these areas which they think prostitution is common. On the other hand people say that they are nit the suspect instead they are the victim. And should not be fined or jailed for being the victim, as most women or men get caught into this act because of money or family problems, there should be support for these people and more education. In conclusion, situational crime prevention, has helped reduce crime and made areas less attractive for the suspect, however this does not stop crime altogether. The best crime prevention that most people agree with is CCTV cameras, as being caught on camera is solid evidence in court and suspects are less likely to do crime when there is a camera in view. However, having CCTV camera violates peoples privacy and their freedom. The question of having CCTV cameras everywhere is up to debate. There are many situational crime prevention that have worked but as everything else there are also down points.

Japanese unique ways of thinking essays

Japanese unique ways of thinking essays Lying in the Far East of Asia, surrounded by the oceans, Japan is very understandable to be isolated from the rest of the continent. Through Kokoro, the heart within and the feature films about Japan, we can see that this country has a long and unique history. According to Japan tradition, the year 660 B.C. is the date of founding of Japan as a nation under the mythological Emperor Jimmu. At that time, Japans Shinto religion was established leading people to the beliefs of reverence for nature and ancestor worship. Since Shinto reflects Japans history and traditions, it has become known as Japans national religion and it plays a key role throughout the history of the country. In Kokoro, the heart within, the producer starts out by depicting the importance of looking at Japanese people to find the heart within Japan. The simple life of the men living by the sea illustrates a part of Japan: the plain and peaceful but hard working life in the middle of the ocean. Another unique picture of Japan is the scene of the woman going to the temple everyday washes her hands and mouth with the pure water and praying for happiness. This image is a great example to demonstrate the value of Japanese people cherishing the purity of nature versus the impurity of evil which they need to wash off. Yet, the most significant part of the unique of Japan is the belief in Shinto which contributes to every aspects of life in Japan, even daily activities. Shinto emphasizes both Japanese deities and the forces of nature. Nature plays a central role in the religious worship. They believe that all natural objects including trees, mountains, rivers, the sun or the moon are imbued with living spirit and that God is within that everything so people can seek for when they need. This belief also leads to the unique way of thinking in Japans building structure. All the temples and houses are constructed in harmony to natu...

Murder of Nixzmary Brown Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Murder of Nixzmary Brown - Article Example r old girl who was abused emotionally, sexually, and physically by her step-father over an extended period of time before being murdered at her parent’s home in New York. The suffering endured by the helpless little girl did not appear to go unnoticed. However, the problem was that the adults who noticed welts on her body, or other odd marks, were reluctant to approach the authorities about what they were witnessing. Years before Nixzmary’s step-father finally put an end to her life by viciously hitting her on the head, there were signs that appeared to indicate that Nixzmary was not developing as a healthy normal little girl. According to (Dan, 2006) it was only after Nixzmary’s tragic death that a pattern began to emerge in the sequence of odd coincidences in her earlier life that showed that she was being exposed to extreme suffering. According to Dan (2006) school workers in Nixzmary’s school often reported that she would be absent for extended periods of time. In addition, it was not uncommon for her neighbors to notice unsightly welts among other unexplained injuries on her body. It would seem that Nixzmary was an uncommonly clumsy child because her mother would often state that she fell down, or banged her arm or head on a piece of furniture; thus causing these marks on her body. According to Siegel & Welsh (2009), the family’s neighbors even noticed that Nixzmary was underweight and scrawny for her age. Though child welfare workers were alerted about the case, they did not report any oddities, and left the family to itself. Staff members from Nixzmary’s school even tried to visit her at home when she began to be absent on a regular basis. However, they were stopped from entering the house where the little girl was being systematically tortured unless they could produce a warrant that permitted an investigation. In January, 2005, Nixzmary’s step-father, Cesar Rodriguez came home and found a cup of yoghurt missing (Cohn & Russell, 2012). Upon

Media Audiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Audiences - Essay Example Also, as with other qualitative approaches, in any one study, ethnography relies on a range of data collection methods and data sources to increase the validity of findings. A distinct feature of ethnography, however, is its reliance on participant observation – the researcher as a participant of the context being observed. The researcher is at one and the same time a researcher and participant. It is through the extensive and total immersion in a context that a participant observer is able to build a rich descriptive picture of those studied as a backdrop against which explanations can be explored (Arnould & Price 1993, pp. 24-45) When comparing all three different qualitative methodologies, each quite distinct in their procedures for data collection, interpretation and theoretical development. For example, grounded theory is ?exible in terms of data, but insists on theoretical sampling and saturation of both data and theory before theory development can be claimed. It is als o a methodology particularly suited to situations that have a symbolic and, or, an interactional element to them. Consequently, it has potential for a number of research directions and contexts that go beyond consumer behavior, for example relationship marketing or even the sales situation (Brownlie, 1997, pp. 263-82). Ethnography is generally concerned with culture and power with the main forms of data generally participatory observation and interviews. Again, research agendas that focus on, for example, inter-departmental dynamics, gender issues, ethical marketing or green consumption may well bene?t from the application of an ethnographic approach. Finally phenomenology has its own unique characteristics and philosophy, which... This study looks into ethnography as a branch of anthropology which provides scientific descriptions and interpretations of human social behavior. It is a systematic study of people that observes, through extensive fieldwork, how humans act and interact in a specific and defined culture. Ethnography is an approach to research dedicated to collecting in-depth information on social behavior in a specific context. Traditionally, culture was understood in geographic or ethnic terms. Now culture or context (the word used in this paper), can refer to a range of settings/environments where people interact. Each context will be different and complex as a result of differences in history and cultural practices, for example. A context may be a school or workplace setting, a housing estate in an inner city or a hospital and will be selected based on the purpose of the research. The complexity of each context underpins and helps to explain behavior. Audience plays a key role in determining the s uccess of any media, program or channel. Undeniably audience stands as the backbone of any mass media. But this term has been exploited and manipulated by many researchers and theorists when they relate the actual meaning of audience in relation to define mass media and other broadcasting services. It is easily understandable that no program, channel or a media can excel without having a proper viewership or a large number of audiences.

Work-based report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Work-based report - Essay Example This is a project on which I worked as part of a team during my placement at the company. The report outlines the working environment of Criminal Records Company, the event, its background and aims, its outcomes, and concludes with lessons learnt. 1.1 Criminal Records Company Criminal Records is an alternative music record label which was formed in 2004. Since then the label has signed a number of bands and artists in a proactive attempt to support a new music scene that has emerged in the UK in within the last five years called underground music. Since its formation, the company has been heavily involved in the promotion of bands. Criminal Records' ethos has always revolved around cultivation of talent, real talent that is organic unlike technology-induced productions. Today, the company is proud of the successes of its roster of musicians and has enjoyed the growth and widespread promotion of the music the artistes make. Some of the successes that the company has attain include col laborations in America, Japan and across Europe, selling out most of its UK tours, major TV coverage for its music videos and countless radio playlists, great reviews and inclusion of its music in TV, film and gaming sites (Criminal Records, 2013). 1.2 Work Description The work allocated to me while on placement at Criminal Records includes the following tasks; 1) Finding venues for events and managing the venue database 2) Researching and keeping up-to-date analyses of competitors 3) Analyzing and monitoring the targeted market for Company events 4) Planning for marketing activities for Company events Apart from the above tasks allocated to me and a number of other workers, I am also expected to carry out other tasks as may be allocated to me by the marketing manager in the Publicity Department, where I am designated. The tasks above are also to be carried out by a team in the department in which I am part and thus I am not working alone in accomplishing them. 1.3 The Work-based pr oject Bringing Club Nights from Criminal Records Company to the West Midlands in the UK is a project that was conceived by the company several weeks to its realization and in which I was included from the planning phase to its implementation. The project mainly involves introduction of ‘Club Nights’ to the West Midlands area of the UK. Club Nights is a musical product from Criminal Records which is mainly based on the popular culture of ‘Clubbing’ but introduces a new aspect of different modern music mainly from unknown underground musicians with extraordinary talent. During the entire project a project team of members from different departments of the company plans, organizes and implements the project. I am a member of the event marketing team, a smaller team forming part of the whole organizing framework. This includes research and organization for publicity, advertisement and invitation of people to the event. The event itself involves a night of club m usic and dance in the West Midlands area in which our company’s artistes will present to the participants their new style of musical art in a number of performances running for three hours of a night. The project organization scales the whole range of arrangements for a music event from venue arrangement, music preparation, invitations to security and logistics. 1.4 Background of the Event Club Nights is one of the events organized by Criminal Records for music lovers in the larger cities in the UK, predominantly in the South East. The culture of Club Nights has been popular in London for a long time being a large city with countless traditional and contemporary forms of music being performed. However, in the past few years Criminal Records has introduced a new musical performance product targeting the new generation of

Changes in family structure and modern family

Changes in family structure and modern family Due to its purchasing power, the family is believed as the most important consumers buying unit by many marketers (Dalakas Shoham, 2005). Therefore, a great number of previous studies have been done to understand how a family makes purchasing decisions over the years. As new social trends, the structure of family has changed dramatically in the past three decades in most countries in the world (Brace et al, 2008). The family is convinced as composing by parents and unmarried children in traditional mind. However, in the modern society, the definition of family has moved from only couple and children to family household. According to European Community Household Panel, a family household is a group of people who live together, share the bill and housekeeping arrangement (Askegaard et al, 2006). In view of most marketers, changes in family structures provide marketing opportunities. As the differentiation of the composition, families need and demand is diversified than before. Changes in family structure and modern family Family household types in modern society are diversified, such as single parent families, reconstituted families, unmarried cohabitation families, traditional families, couple with no children families and roommate family households. The reason of diversified family household type is that unmarried cohabitation, delayed marriage and delayed childbirth are trends for young people in the recent years. Furthermore, there have been increases in the proportion of the return of mothers to the workforce and the number of divorces and a decrease in the proportion of intact family unit (two biological parents and their dependent children). It is known that 76 per cent of UK children in 2004 lived in a family unit headed by a couple (UK Office of National Statistics, 2005). But, this official data does not differentiate families by couples who are intact or step parent. Also, it is acknowledged that 83 per cent of children in step parent families or single parent families live with their natur al mother (Brace et al, 2008). Therefore, most of single parent households are headed by females. Although the family types are diversified in the present day and age, intact families, step parent families and single parent families are three major types of composition for modern families. Haskey (1998) indicated there has been an obviously decline in the intact or traditional family household type and step families are more prevalent than single parent households. People are remarrying more often than before, and male is more likely to reconstitute a family than female. For example, step families are the fastest growing type of family in the UK (Mintel, 2005). There are totally 35 per cent British parents live as a non-traditional family unit. Concretely, 19 per cent of British parents are single parents. 16 per cent of British parents have children with ex-wife or ex-husband and now reconstitute families with new partners and the children (Mintel, 2005). Family structures have changed, which influence family decision making. Thus, some researchers argue that family communication has become more open and democratic (Belch and Willis, 2001). Particularly, the role of women has changed in the present society. The changes include education, increasing number of double-income families and the advent of career women. Further to say, these changes have impacted on family buying decisions and the role structure between family members. An increasing number of women are contributing to the incomes of their families and more women are motivated to succeed in their careers. For instance, nearly 60 per cent of women in New Zealand are employed in the workforce (Beatty Lee, 2002). This is much higher proportion than before. Some previous studies indicated that a persons power to make family purchasing decisions depends on his/her ability to satisfy his/her marriage partners needs (Beatty Lee, 2002). Therefore, the more a husband contributes to the resources of the family, the more the wife will accept the husbands buying decisions. In the same way, if the wife contributes significantly to the family income, then the wifes impact on family buying decisions would be greater than in families where the wife does not provide income to the family. It does not mean the person who contributes a dominant income to his/her family must accounts for the completely dominant position in the family buying decision making process. It is more likely that there is more equality in double-income families. Therefore, a wifes occupational status has an obviously effect on the family decision making. The prevalence of women working outside the home is not only because of the necessity to help the family in finance, but also because of the changes in social and cultural trends. Therefore, women obtain more power in some families which both family members will make decisions jointly. This type of family is more likely to be called modern family and it has a more democratic influence structure. In contrast, a traditional family has a more dictatorial husband and the decisions are made more autocratic. Family life cycle There are many factors influence family buying decisions. Despite the family type and womens role in the family, family life cycle (FLC) also significantly affects the family purchasing decisions. The family life cycle describes the changes that occur in family and family structures as they progress over time (Askegaard, 2006). The FLC shows the changes in both the family income and family composition over time. As the time passed, the needs and demands of families tend to change. Therefore, their preferences and behaviours will be changed. Families in similar stages of the life cycle share similar demographic, financial and buying characteristics. In contrast, families at different life cycle stages show different interests, needs and demands and use different communication strategies (Lee Levy, 2004). Childrens roles in family buying decisions Since 1990s, the growing awareness on childrens role is largely because of childrens steadily increasing impact on family buying decisions and increasing spending power (Caruana Vassallo, 2003; Dalakas Shoham, 2005; Fan Li, 2010). Many previous studies pointed out that children have became an extremely vital consumer group which influences family purchases of various products in many ways (Burns et al, 2007; Caruana Vassallo, 2003). Thus, many marketers recognize children as a primary market, an influencing market, and a future market. For example, children in the USA directly spent over $60 billion and influenced over $380 billion of spending by other members of their family per year (Chou Wut, 2009). In Australia, the adolescents market is estimated to be worth about $3.9 million, and in New Zealand the market size is about $800,000 (Wimalasiri, 2004). Therefore children are increasingly attractive targets for marketers. Children as independent consumer In the contemporary world, as primary market, children have increasing spending power in terms of being independent customers. They are seen as different from previous generations. Today, children are more connected, more direct and more informed. They have more personal power, more money, more impact on family decisions and attractive more attention than their parents and ancestors. Most of teenagers receive allowances from their parents or eldership. Also, a great number of adolescents have income from jobs. Past study showed 51.1 per cent of the high school students admitted that they get an allowance from family members in the USA and the median amount was $50 (Dalakas Shoham, 2003). Moreover, Chou Wut (2009) indicated children who between ages of 2 to 12 independently spent $29 billion per year by using their own money and further to say, they indirectly influence $320 billion worth of household purchase. Childrens influence on family buying decisions In addition, children are also major influencers within the family decision making unit. They attempt to and succeed in influencing family purchasing decisions. Several researches have shown that the childrens degree of influence in purchase decisions varies with the type of product (Beatty Lee, 2002). They have the most influence on buying decisions when they are the primary users of the products, for example, toys, games, and school supplies. They are also influential in purchase decisions about products which for all family members, for example, vacations, furniture, movies, and eating out. However, they have less impact on these products than in the products which they are the primary consumers. According to Dalakas Shoham (2003) reported, 34 per cent of nine to 14-year-olds acknowledged they influenced their parents purchasing decisions on videogame systems, 19 per cent affected decisions on vacation choice, 18 per cent have impact on stereo equipment, and 14 per cent particip ated the family decisions making process on computer equipment, VCRs, and televisions. Moreover, adolescents influence has been affected by the cost of the products on purchasing decisions. Their influence decreased for expensive family purchases. Furthermore, they have most influence as regards product type, colour and brand. One of the areas where children have the major impact is food purchasing decision. Food plays a vital role in family life and it is the main expenditure for most families. Children have most influence on the food and the meals which are easy to prepare. US studies have shown that in the major categories of food and drinks, playthings and clothing and TV programmes, children have an obviously influence (Chou Wut, 2009). In the UK, 84 per cent of parents said that their children decided what food to buy. 29 per cent parents admitted that their children impact on the choice of furniture. Even 20 per cent of parents said they like to listen to their childrens suggests about their own clothes when purchasing (Dalakas, Shoham, 2005). Also, through a survey, cable television networks in the USA found that children affected average of 43 per cent of total purchases which are made the decisions by parents. Further to say, mothers who shop with their kids normally spend 30 per cent more than they originally plan and fathers spend 70 per cent more (Caruana Vassallo, 2003). The ways and factors for children to affect family decisions Generally speaking, there are four different ways for children to influence family buying decisions. First, they hugely involve in affecting their parents to purchase products which they are the finally users. Second, older children buy the products which they want directly by using their own money. This money is received as allowances or salary. Third, children participated and affected their parents in family buying decisions making process for family products. Lastly, parents consult their childrens opinion for some of their own purchase. Therefore, children exert a certain influence on the overall family decisions. Children have more influence during the problem recognition and information search stage, but their influence decreases at the finally decision making stage. Their influence can be direct or indirect. Young children more tend to impact family purchases by directly asking. However, older adolescents may use various strategies to impact their parents decision making. Except the direct requests, they also take other actions like bargaining, persuasion, or using emotional strategies. A childs age is an important related factor of the childs influence on family decision making. Older children have fewer requests than younger children and their parents more tend to satisfy their request. The parents believe the older children have more experience with shopping and products, so they easily yield than before. Also, parents are convinced that their older children possess more understanding of economic concepts and have higher skills on shopping than younger children. Furthermore, childrens influence on family decisions is affected significantly by family type. Children in single parent families or one child families have more influence than others and the adolescents in modern families affect their families more obviously than adolescents in traditional families. The reasons for children influencing family decisions In the current era, family communication has become more open and democratic. Parents pay more attention to their children and spend more time to listen to their childrens opinions. These changes in family communication caused children can exert influence on family purchasing decisions making process. Furthermore, the influence of each child has increased because of the trends of smaller number of children in families. Because of the returns of women to workforce, most families economic status is in good condition. It not only means parents can afford enough money to satisfy their children request, but also pushes the children to take more responsibility for family decisions. This is because working couples have little time to make decisions and have to give their children more power. The analysis of implication for marketing There are many factors influence the children when they making purchasing decisions and shape their habits at the present. The top three influence factors are family, friends and media. All of them have outstanding impact on childrens shopping skills and behavior. In details, the family has been believed as it has the most influence on children in the purchasing process of food products, health care products and furniture. On the other hand, friends and the media play an extremely important role in affecting the discretionary purchase of the children. In fact, most of marketers consider the media as the most powerful affecting factor to impel the children to make purchasing decisions. They are convinced the television advertising is the greatest influence marketing communication tool. Moreover, previous marketing researches also suggested the companies to access the children seriously with child friendly amenities, colourful and playful displays and even credit cards (Caruana Vassal lo, 2003). In addition, it is known that most of children have low brand loyalty for most products. Because of their strong curiosity, they are easily to be attracted by original and distinct products. However, once they build the brand loyalty for one particular brand, they will be lifetime consumers for the brand. Furthermore, for the ethic thinking, the marketers ought to avoid displaying violent or pornographic pictures to children in their advertising. This is because children are not mature enough and cannot understand the meaning of this kind of advertising. Further to say, children very like to imitate what they saw. Thus, it is dangerous for children to access violent or pornographic advertising. For example, there was lots of news regarding that children did violent events after playing violent games, such as GTA, Counterstrike, or watching violent movie. An analysis of the situation of children in China Children in China have become the most significant target consumers for many marketers. This is not only because China has the largest population of children in the world, but also due to the fact that Chinese children have more economic power and influence in their families than children in other countries. Fan Li (2010) mentioned that there are 1,321.29 million people in China at the end of 2007. Among others, 19.4 per cent (about 256.60) are under the age of 14. This made China become the largest potential market. In the present China, children have more discretionary income compared with before and also exert a greater impact on family buying decision than other countries children. One couple one child has been a basic state policy in China for a long time since the early 1970s. Therefore, as the only child in the family, both parents and grandparents give most of their love and attention to the child. Even it caused a seriously problem raised in China, the Chinese children have been considered as being like Little emperors/empresses. A part of parents would like to satisfy their childrens each request as possible as they can. Due to the importance of Chinese children, marketers did many researches to seek the most relative information sources for Chinese children. Finally, they found that TV, parents, store visits and friends were ranked as the most significant sources to receive information for Chinese children (Fan Li, 2010).

Macular Degeneration :: Eye Disorders Vision Essays

Macular Degeneration Robert, a 65 year-old male, has trouble reading fine detail, especially out of his central vision. He complains that his vision is blurred and that it is harder to see while operating a motor vehicle. In addition, sometimes objects appear wavy or crooked, which impairs his vision. His worst symptoms were that he occasionally lost the ability to distinguish between the features of familiar faces and he had a localized blind spot. Robert is not alone; many people suffer from symptoms related to loss and distortion of the visual field. He suffers from macular degeneration, the leading cause of decreased vision loss in the United States, especially for people over the age of 50 (Philippi, 2000). Macular degeneration also known as late, aged-related maculopathy is an eye disorder which causes a decrease in the visual field known as the retinal macula (Medical Encyclopedia, 2000). The majority of people who are affected are people over the age of 65, but occasionally it develops earlier in people 40-50 years old (Philippi, 2000). The majority of the visual loss is located in the central part of the visual field, while the peripheral vision is unharmed. There are also two types of macular degeneration, the "wet" and "dry" forms. The "dry" form of this disease is the most popular, affecting 90% of the cases (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1997). Macular degeneration in general can affect many people in minor or drastic ways. People who experience this form often complain of vision loss when they are in dim light, especially when they are reading. The "dry" type is often characterized by a more gradual loss of vision compared to the "wet" type. Signs of this disease include an increase in drusen, which is an accumulation of a yellow-white substance, in the underside of the macular retina. A loss of cells can be seen in the macula. The macula is our sensitive sight region, where intricate detail can be seen. Thus, vision in this area is helpful and necessary to drive, read, focus on small details, and recognize familiar faces. The macula is located in the back of the eye known as the retina. The macula is only about 5 mm in diameter, and includes the fovea, which gives us our detailed central vision. If a person suffers from the "dry" form in one eye they will be more likely to develop it in the other eye as well.

Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice

Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice Lisa Watson UMASS Boston Online Professional Issues in Nursing NU 360 Ms. Carol Moran November 08, 2012 Abstract You may not like how the Presidential election turned out, but the victory of the Democrats was won partly by focusing on going after the Hispanic vote. The Hispanic population who voted for President Obama put him over the top to win. Hispanics identified with Obama. Somehow, he made a connection with this culture.Nursing can use that lesson to improve cultural sensitivity and provide respectful care of our numerous cultures. Every American makes up this country regardless of heritage. This country was built from immigrants from all over the world. America is referred to as â€Å"the melting pot. † The diversity of American culture continues to grow. Each patient a nurse interacts with is important, regardless of the color of their skin, the language they speak or the cultural traditions they follow. The diversity of America’s population continues to increase.The challenges of providing cultural sensitivity to a multi cultural America is an important variation healthcare organizations must be aware of. In an attempt to standardize terms and concepts to explain cultural competency to student nurses, the Purnell Model was developed by Larry Purnell, PhD. The Purnell model is a guide to adapting care that takes into account the diversity of beliefs from a variety of cultures. It is based on multiple theories and research. A circular schematic was developed that contains 12 domains (pieces of pie) or considerations.They include and represent the person’s: heritage, language, family roles, issues in workforce, bio cultural ecology, high risk behaviors, nutrition, pregnancy, death rituals, spirituality, health care practices and health care providers. Within the 12 domains it addresses: sociology, psychology, anatomy and physiology, biology, ecology, nutrition, pharmacology , religion, history, economics, politics and language. The inner 12 domains are encapsulated by a second circle that represents family, a third rim that represents society and finally an outer ring that represents global society.The â€Å"saw tooth† at the bottom of the diagram is cultural consciousness. ( see Figure 1. ) Nurses must learn how to communicate with a variety of people who speak other languages, have other beliefs, and ways that cultures influence the people we care for. Healthcare is becoming more and more personalized. People have more options of how to pursue their own health wellness, where to obtain their care and with whom. Nursing care of a growing diverse population must be addressed. As nurses we have to make our hospitals competitive and make people want to bring their care to our doors.Nurses need to learn how to better communicate with a variety of cultures and must know how to interact with these cultures in cultural sensitive ways depicting that cu lture if we want to remain competitive. Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice must be addressed. It is not an easy task. The term competence means to be competent, adequacy, in possession of required skills, knowledge, qualification, or capacity† ( Dictionary. com, 1995). To have qualifications or knowledge in all cultures is an impossible venture.However, humility as described by Tervalon (1998), â€Å"incorporates a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique†¦. , and to developing mutually beneficial†¦. partnerships with communities on behalf of individuals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 117). A task that can be accomplished in healthcare education is cultural humility. After all nurses do have a career lifetime to develop this self-evaluation. Cultural competence is too broad to tackle. The task of developing education to teach cultural competence is a vague goal and has been called stereotyping. This goal is too large and not specific.Ac cording to Roux and Halstead, â€Å"a number of reviewed approaches in nursing education concluded that there is a lack of consensus on what and how it should be taught†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 323). There are just too many cultures that healthcare provides care to. It would be impossible to become proficient at all of them. Nurses can learn the basics cultural beliefs and even learn to speak the language, but that alone does not make nurses competent. However, a nurse can continue to do self evaluation of how he/she perceives the patient’s differences. The nurse can try to understand how the patient’s culture makes hem have certain views related to their healthcare. â€Å"One of the best ways to learn about diverse cultures is to interact with people from those cultures. However, opportunity to become immersed in another culture are not always available† (Roux and Halstead, p. 325). Nurses can develop an awareness of cultural beliefs that guide patient’s to vie w healthcare in certain ways. This is an ongoing reflection the nurse must make by building on cultural humility. Nurses may learn the basic cultural beliefs of the patients they care for, but this does not make them culturally competent.This is an ongoing growth that can occur throughout the nurse’s career with cultural humility. Nurses must embrace trying to understand the beliefs of other cultures to understand how this guides that culture’s healthcare and views. It may help to understand why people act the way they do. â€Å"†¦the perception, attitudes, and treatment approaches advocated by mental health professionals form the Western biological.. viewpoint precipitate mental health disparities among the older Afro-Caribbean population,† (Ellis, p. 41). Many Afro-Caribbean elders may not trust the nurse of fear being judged.They may not understand the questions on questionnaires and may take offense in the way they are worded. Many beliefs occur from bi rth and throughout life and are instilled through our culture and upbringing. As things change in our lives, our beliefs can change and grow. Cultural beliefs can change as well. It is an ongoing process. These are lessons learned throughout a nurse’s career. It is achieved through constant learning, reflection and by keeping an open mind while using humility. When nurses are open minded they can understand how their own cultural beliefs can influence their understanding of other’s beliefs.As described by Levi, â€Å"we need to realize that we are likely to have biases about how others should behave based on our own cultural norms,† (p. 97). By using cultural humility nurses can continue to build on what they do know about a culture and reflect on how their own beliefs effect how they interact with patients of this culture. We must take ownership of our interactions with others while being aware of how we view cultural differences. â€Å"The essential aspect is to become aware of our own values, so that we can better understand the values of another,† (Roux and Halstead, p. 24). Nurses must be able to reflect on their own beliefs to realize how they view other cultures views. They must be able to set aside their own views to be able to provide care in the best interest of the patient. Of, course nurses must abide by the law. However, there are interventions that nurses can provide for their patient, even if it is unconventional in the nurse’s belief. It may be uncomfortable to allow a comatose patient’s family to bath them, but it may what they have been taught. It can even be an ethical dilemma.In Chinese families they often do not tell the elder family member they have cancer. By trying to understand and allowing a family this cultural tradition it may be what is in the patient’s best interest. Cultural humility is a goal every nurse can work on throughout their career. It can be adapted as the nurse’s self reflection occurs. All healthcare professionals must be able to set aside their own beliefs to focus on the patient specific care needed at that time. Questions must be asked of patients and of the healthcare providing the care to tailor care for that patient.Healthcare must provide cultural sensitive care to their patients. Nurses should not be happy with providing the same care to every patient. The care must be patient centered and conscious about the whole patient and what their beliefs are. To obtain cultural humility every nurse should ask themselves have they â€Å"checked† their own beliefs at the door? Figure 1: The Purnell Model [pic] References American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. (2003). Accreditation Standards.Retrieved November 8, 2012 from http:// www. aacn. nche. edu. Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. . Horace, E. , (2012). Mental Health Disparities in the Older Afro-Ca ribbean Population Living in the United States: Cultural and Practice Perspectives for Mental Health Professionals. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 50, 37-44. Levi, A. (2009). The Ethics of Nursing Student International Clinical Experiences. The Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses, JOGNN, 38, 94-99: 2009. DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1552-6909. 008. 00314x. Purnell, L. (2002). The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence. J. Transcult Nursing 2002, 13: 193. DOI: 10. 1177/10459602013003006. Roux, G. , & Halstead, J. A. (2009). Issues and Trends in Nursing: Essential Knowledge for Today and Tomorrow. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Tervalon, M. , Murray-Garcia, J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in Defining Physician Training Outcomes in Multicultural Education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved; May 1998, 9, 2; 117-125.

The Country wife

The Country wife Written by William Wycherley, The Country Wife qualifies as a captivating informative piece of chef-d’oeuvre that tables the characteristics of the contemporary society that range from intimacy and hypocrisy amongst others. Harry Horner believes that his impotence would permit him to gain access to high-class women and have liaisons with them with the whole deal remaining secreted. He convinces ladies for instance in scene four where he manages to liaise with lady Fidget though â€Å"Mistress Squeamish enters too late and is disappointed to have missed her opportunity† (Wycherley 50). He argues that the liaisons with women would help them retain their honor before the public due to his condition. As Wycherley observes, â€Å"Inferences from Horner’s impotence rumors make Sir Jasper Fidget to make arrangements for Horner to become his wife’s chaperone and also her companion, later to turn out a secrete affair† (57). Upon the departure of Sir Fidget and his wife, two of Horner’s friends: Mr. Dorliant and Frank Harcourt enters, chat with him about friendship, wine and women. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Country wife specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Amid the debate, Mr. Sparkish arrives who on boring the three men by his pretentious wit is exited by force. Jack Pinchwife portray his contempt for women when he ignorantly leaves Horner and his friends as Horner mentions that he had seen his wife, Margery at theatre. Margery complains to her sister in law about the Pinchwife’s jealousy, which render her forced to remain indoors. â€Å"On inquiring about the reason, Pinchwife laments that a licentious man had sighted her at the theatre and fallen in love with her† (Wycherley 60). Since Margery has developed interest on actors at the theatre, she gets delighted on hearing this. Later in scene three, Horner managers to hit on her, leave w ith her and later to return to her husband loaded with gifts from Horner: something that in scene five saw her visit Horner’s lodge. In scene four, consequently Pinchwife locks up her in a different room. Despite the fact that, Sparkish was to marry Alethea, his friend Harcourt in a witty way makes advances to her before his friends very eyes something that in scene three ,make Harcourt declare that he fell in love with her at first glance. In the end, Margery turns out to be the villain. The villain Margery Inexperience and innocence’s puts Margery far from being the heroin of play. She poses a question, â€Å"jealous? What’s that?† (Wycherley 61), which proves unfamiliarity with characteristics of men and women dominating the country when it comes to issues of emotion and affection. Unlike other women, she naturally does not subscribe to deceit implying why she did compose a love letter to Horner. Horner shed light that Margery’s love letter wa s â€Å"the first love-letter that ever was without flames, darts, fates, and destinies, lying and dissembling in it† (Wycherley 82). She seems to judge a book by its cover, and objects the belief that people who claim to be in love with her are up for missions to ruin her. She believes in guarding whatever that she holds and loves passionately. Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She tells Pinchwife â€Å"You are mine own dear bud, and I know you; I hate a stranger† (Wycherley 91). This indicates her strongly ingrained subscriptions to customs that dictates that wives should always remain kind to their husbands despite treating them with lots of dismay. Her kindliness and the ideologies that she subscribed to, resulted to her being caught up by her husband when she decided to adopt the lifestyle of her female counterparts in the country. Despite the int imacy characterizing other women of the country, who only subscribed to infidelity and adultery for sexual services only, Margery is still carrying the load of affection and idealism. These explain why in scene four Margery thought of dropping Pinchwife and take Horner for her husband. Margery stands out as a sympathetic character to the extent that sees her rejection by the society in the country, which does not accommodate people with such magnitudes of ingeniousness, simplicity and honesty that she poses. In conclusion, The Country Wife presents a society that is full of intimacy, infidelity, hypocrisy, loveless sexual encounters arrangements and one sex solidarism with intents of deceit. Wycherley, William. The Country Wife. London, Holloway: Oberon books, 2005.

Opposite Joads essays

Opposite Joads essays In chapter 2 the Grapes of Wrath the truck driver is the opposite of Tom Joad in significant ways. The truck driver and Tom Joad have very different emotional responses in Chapter 2. The truck driver in comparison to Tom has many negative responses, and Tom has more positive responses. Their statements reflect on their attitudes and personalities, and distinguish the types of people the truck driver and Tom Joad really are. For example when Tom asked the truck driver for a ride, his immediate response to Tom was Didnt you see the No Riders sticker in the windshield? Tom responded with a challenging and positive statement, Sure I seen it. But sometimes a guyll be a good guy even if some rich bastard makes him carry a sticker. Their first conversation right away, with few words, shows the difference in attitude and emotional responses between Tom and the truck driver. This also shows that Tom can use his positive attitude to manipulate the truck driver into giving him a ride. There are a lot of other small examples given off in chapter 2 to provide evidence of this comparison. To m uses a lot of thankyous and encouraging words towards the truck driver. The truck driver uses a lot of donts and you oughtnt tos in chapter 2 which are all very sour and rude comments that shows that the truck driver reflects more as a person with a negative personality. The second way the truck driver is the opposite of Tom Joad is the truck driver is dull and Tom is lively. In chapter 2 Joad is very willing to state who is he, where he has been, and what he has done. The truck driver on the other hand says very little about himself. He doesnt even provide Tom with a name, nor anything else that would signify much about his life, other then the fact that he is a truck driver. Toms statement, Ill tell you anything. I aint hiding nothing, sh...

HD DVD VS. Blue Ray DVD Arguement of why HD DVD is Better Essay

HD DVD VS. Blue Ray DVD Arguement of why HD DVD is Better - Essay Example Currently, there are two different formats of new generation DVD, and both are competing to become the victor. On one side is the Blu-ray Disc technology, while the other side is HD DVD. These are two possible successors to the current disc format. While having different technical specifications, they both serve the purpose of meeting high definition requirements and are both prepared to make an impact on the world of entertainment. DVD, or the Digital Video Disc, is the current generation of optical disc format conventionally used for data and movie storage. DVDs share the same dimensions of a compact disc, but data is stored in a different format and at a much higher density. It had its peak usability back when the conventional movie storage media was VHS and Video CDs. With a higher capacity, DVDs are able to display higher quality video using a higher amount of data. Many retailers and movie rental stores today have stopped selling VHS in favor of DVDs. As technology continues to improve, DVD proves inadequate to meet the rising demand for high-definition video. High Density Digital Video Disc, or the HD DVD, and the Blu-ray Disc are developed to satisfy the need for storing high quality content. Blu-ray Discs may be the revolutionary storage disc however HD DVD will prove to be better choice in any case. Let's see why. The technology of HD DVD is prim... The name HD DVD is described in the review article "HD DVD vs. Blu-ray: Who Cares" by David Carnroy, an executive editor in CNet.com, as much more consumer-friendly product. Consumers are more likely to refer to the name as the new generation DVD (Carnroy). The HD DVD, introduced by the DVD Forum, is a format that shares the 12cm diameter and 1.2mm thickness of the current DVD discs, yet is able to deliver eight hours of High Definition video on a dual-layer, single-sided disc. HD DVD's improvement in capacity is made possible by the new Blue-violet laser technology that provides a shorter light wavelength than the traditional red laser. The new Blue laser can store data even more compactly than before, enabling six times more data to be packed on the same size disc (DVD Forum). Using the disc with the same dimension and structure as the current DVD, HD DVD is not only capable of playing the previous generation DVD videos, but also gives manufacturers an easy and cost-effective way to convert their DVD line to one for HD DVD. This advantage is further emphasized by Memory-Tech, a Japanese manufacturer of optical media, who stated it would cost only ten percent more to produce HD DVDs than the current format in the initial period (Compet ing for DVD Supremecy). Cost-effective conversion of the DVD line also implies the lower price of products, allowing HD DVD to take over the market and become popularized sooner than its competitor. The cost-effective manufacture line conversion and its consumer friendly brand name seem to have given HD DVD an unbeatable chance of becoming the exclusive standard of the new generation optical format. Yet, its flaw on capacity has given the Blu-ray Disc a chance.

What is being done to conserve biodiversity in Madagascar Essay

What is being done to conserve biodiversity in Madagascar - Essay Example This flora in terms of biological diversity is under serious danger in spite of its importance. â€Å"Over 80% of the island has already been stripped of its native vegetation cover; the majority of this area is now very species-poor secondary grassland which is burnt annually and is subject to intense erosion.† (Du Puy & Moat 1998). Madagascar forests have been degraded in such a way that now only less than 10% of its original forest cover is remaining. The intention of this article is to bring awareness on conservation efforts of evergreen forests of the high plateau, littoral forest and western dry deciduous forest. There are few forest recovery programs under conservation efforts in different forest types of Madagascar. These ecosystems urgently require toughened conservation programs due to their fragmented natural world. Forest fragmentation is causing a decrease in genetic diversity and is leading to an extinction path. The evergreen forest of high plateau is one of the high priority areas for plant conservation which is known as severely fragmented remnant forest. Recently, this forest was subjected to timber extraction which resulted in damage to its structure and integrity. Also some fragments of this forest have been significantly burned. In this forest, Madagascar’s most threatened, endangered species Schizolaena tampoketsana is found. Schizolaena tampoketsana, locally known as Sohisaka, belongs to one of the six endemic plant families. The reason behind endangered Sohisaka is selective felling of trees and burning from wild fires which are common in this region annually. Littoral forests are humid, low elevation forests on sand which have been identified as the most threatened vegetation type in Madagascar. It is along the east coast of Madagascar where the forests are highly degraded and fragmented that represents less than 10% of original area. In this forest, Madagascar’s